Behind Canada’s Submarine Procurement: What’s Next for South Korea–Canada Defence Cooperation?

Canada picked Germany's TKMS over South Korea's Hanwha Ocean for its submarine program by a razor-thin margin, driven by European geopolitical timing.

• TKMS wins, narrowly: Canadian PM Mark Carney named Germany's TKMS (with Norway's Kongsberg) preferred supplier for up to 12 new submarines over Hanwha Ocean in July 2026, in what Jonathan Miller calls a 'razor thin' decision possibly decided by the PMO.
• Fleet crisis drives urgency: Canada's four Victoria-class submarines (ex-UK, bought used) are in disrepair, with only one or zero deployable, pushing a 2027 contract target and 2034 delivery goal.

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