Supply Chain Shortages Driven By Growth in the AI Era

Semiconductor substrate and packaging shortages driven by AI data center demand are expected to persist through at least 2027.

• Demand shock origin: Late-2025 AI data center demand ramp caught the entire packaging/substrate supply chain by surprise, depleting pipeline inventory industry-wide.
• Substrate capacity math: Panel sizes grew from 45x45mm to 120x150mm with 13+ layers, a ~100x increase in capacity needed per unit versus prior generations.

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