How Humanoid Robots Are Learning To Walk

Humanoid robots are shifting from rigid, pre-programmed gaits to RL-trained adaptive walking, with mobile manipulation as the next capability frontier.

• Sim-to-real training: Reinforcement learning in digital twins lets humanoids like Boston Dynamics and Tesla Optimus units fall thousands of times virtually before touching concrete.
• Series elastic actuators: Spring elements between motor and joint store/release energy at heel-strike/toe-off, cutting battery use per step for 8-hour shifts.

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